Digital Art Movements

Movement Description Pioneers
Computer Art Art created using computers, beginning in the 1960s, where artists leveraged code and early computing technologies to produce algorithmically generated visuals. Vera Molnár, Frieder Nake, Harold Cohen (creator of AARON)
Net Art Art produced specifically for the internet, utilizing the web's interactive, hyperlinked nature to create innovative and often participatory experiences. Olia Lialina, JODI (Joan Heemskerk & Dirk Paesmans), Jan Robert Leegte, Vuk Ćosić, UBERMORGEN, Auriea Harvey, Brian Mackern, Alexei Shulgin, Lynn Hershman Leeson, Rafaël Rozendaal, Shu Lea Cheang, Julia Scher
GIF Art Animated digital art that uses the looping GIF format to create short, visually striking animations, often shared on social media and web platforms. Lorna Mills, Rafael Rozendaal, Nicolas Sassoon, Elna Frederick, Francoise Gamma, UBERMORGEN
Digital Painting A form of painting created digitally using software tools, where the artist uses a stylus or mouse instead of traditional brushes. David Hockney, Andy Warhol, Lee Mullican, Samia Halaby
Generative Art Art created through autonomous systems, using algorithms to produce evolving visual works that may be unique each time. Casey Reas, Kim Asendorf, Manfred Mohr
Game Art Art within video games or game-inspired art that explores the interaction, aesthetics, and cultural impact of gaming. Eddo Stern, Cory Arcangel, JODI (Joan Heemskerk & Dirk Paesmans)
3D Art Art using three-dimensional modeling and rendering techniques to create virtual sculptures, spaces, and immersive environments. Auriea Harvey, Kelly Richardson, Sabrina Ratté